September 17, 2014 11:01pm
The state's highest criminal court on Wednesday tossed out part of a Texas law banning "improper photography or visual recording" - surreptitious images acquired in public for sexual gratification, often called "upskirting" or "downblousing" - as a violation of federal free-speech rights and an improper restriction on a person's right to individual thoughts.
In an 8-1 ruling, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals said photos, like paintings, films and books, are "inherently expressive" and, therefore, are protected by the First Amendment. The opinion supported a previous decision by the San Antonio-based 4th Court of Appeals.
"The camera is essentially the photographer's pen and paintbrush," the opinion written by Presiding Judge Sharon Keller said. "A person's purposeful creation of photographs and visual recordings is entitled to the same First Amendment protection as the photographs and visual recordings themselves."
The appeal questioned why some free speech can be treated as unlawful behavior in Texas. Peter Linzer, who teaches constitutional and First Amendment law at the University of Houston Law Center, said: "It's hard to see how you could make taking a picture a crime."
The case involved Ronald Thompson, who was charged in 2011 with 26 counts of improper photography after taking underwater pictures of clothed children - most wearing swimsuits - at a San Antonio water park. He appealed the law's constitutionality before his trial. He contended that a plain reading of the law would place street photographers, entertainment journalists, arts patrons, pep rally attendees and "even the harmless eccentric" at risk of incarceration.
In its arguments, the Bexar County District Attorney's Office asserted that the law's intent element - such as trying to do something unlawful - places otherwise expressive activity beyond First Amendment protection.
The court disagreed.
"Protecting someone who appears in public from being the object of sexual thoughts seems to be the sort of 'paternalistic interest in regulating the defendant's mind' that the First Amendment was designed to guard against," Keller wrote. "We also keep in mind the Supreme Court's admonition that the forms of speech that are exempt from First Amendment protection are limited, and we should not be quick to recognize new categories of unprotected expression."
Linzer said the court rendered a sound decision.
"To think that it's unlawful to look at a little girl in a swimsuit, when you have lascivious thoughts, in public? And you did not do anything to that child? That cannot be made a crime in the United States," he said. "The fact that some people might find that very offensive doesn't change anything. ... You can't prevent someone in public from looking at you and having dark thoughts."
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